Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of human calcaneus by finite element method. Methods Through CT scanning, Mimics, Geomagic and other software, the finite element model of calcaneus was established. The stress distribution and displacement tendency of calcaneus under normal standing and external force were analyzed. Results Under normal standing, the calcaneal stress was uniformly distributed and small. Under external force, the entire calcaneus stress increased significantly, and the stress on calcaneocuboid articular surface also obviously increased. Conclusions The analysis of the stress and strain distribution on calcaneus in neutral position under different loading, and the investigation on biomechanical properties of calcaneus and mechanism of calcaneal fracture will provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of calcaneal fractures.