Objective The finite element method (FEM) is gaining an increasing impact in dental biomechanics. This work introduces two FEM case studies focusing on the periodontal ligament(PDL). This knowledge is highly desirable, especially considering movement of teeth to their correct position by e.g. braces. The entire simulation chain covers multimodal 3D image processing, highly detailed segmentation of the dental structures, automatic mesh generation, implementation of typical orthodontic load cases, and finally the numerical computation. Methods The first model was generated by means of resampling standard computed tomography (CT) data of a human premolar whereas the 2(superscript nd) model was based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of a human incisor as a new imaging modality with resolution of 0.125 mm in x, y, and z-direction. After segmentation, FEM meshes were generated with focus on preserving volume and topology of the PDL. Both models were tested by intruding the tooth with a continuous load of 0.5 N. Results In spite of artefacts in the CBCT data, both FEM-models were suitable for FEM simulation. Increased hydrostatic pressure was observed at the apical part of the PDL of the incisor as well as of the premolar. Conclusion Both modelling strategies produced feasible FEM models. Volume and topology preserving meshing algorithms were used for generation of these models. Intrusion of an incisor leads to increased hydrostatic pressure near the apex and on some locations at the medium level between gingiva and apex.