Total hip arthroplasty(THA) has come into the clinical practice for more than 30 years.Because of acetabulum has more complex structure than that of the femur,biomechanical and anatomical studies on THA have been long time focused on the femoral component.More recently,acetabular component loosing has been identified as the important limiting factor affected THA.The biomechanics and anatomy of acetabulum have become to be investigated using various advanced methods.This paper has reviewed the recently advanced researches by focusing on the biomechanics and anatomy of acetabulum.