All tissues in the body are subjected to biomechanical force originating either from tension, created by cells themselves, or from the environment. Biomechanical force not only can induce cell proliferation, but also induce cell death. While biomechanical force at physiological levels is essential to develop and maintain organic structure and function, elevated mechanical stress may result in cell death leading to pathological conditions. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus contains the genome and is the site of transcriptional regulation. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest organelle and is exposed to mechanical forces transmitted through the cytoskeleton from outside the cell and from force generation within the cell. Here, we discuss the effect of intra- and extracellular forces on nuclear shape and structure and how these force-induced changes could be implicated in nuclear mechanotransduction, ie, force-induced changes in cell signaling and gene transcription. We review mechanical studies of the nucleus and nuclear structural proteins, such as lamins. Dramatic changes in nuclear shape, organization, and stiffness are seen in cells where lamin proteins are mutated or absent, as in genetically engineered mice, RNA interference studies, or human disease.. We also highlight studies that link changes in nuclear shape with cell function during developmental, physiological, and pathological modifications. Together, these studies suggest that the nucleus itself may play an important role in the response of the cell to force. Therefore, mechanical stimuli must be sensed by cells and transmitted through intracellular signal transduction pathways to the nucleus. Changes in the shape and structural organization of the cell nucleus occur during many fundamental processes including development, differentiation , mature and aging. In many of these processes, the cell responds to biomechanical force by altering gene expression within the nucleus. However, how the nucleus itself senses and responds to such mechanical cues is not well understood. In addition to these external forces, epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure inside the nucleus could also alter its physical properties. Here we review our current literatures in related to the structure and mechanobiology of cellular nucleus. To achieve a better understanding the relationship between the mechanobiology of cell nucleus and the nuclear material properties, we need to do more research ranging from molecule to tissue.