Objective To explore the role of corneal viscoelasticity on air-puff test under different conditions. Methods Based on the patient’ s corneal topographic data, the patient-specific model of the whole human eye was constructed, and the air-puff model was loaded. The differences in air-puff test results of linear elastic and viscoelastic corneal materials under different conditions were analyzed. Results When the corneal stiffness, intraocular pressure and scleral stiffness were all the same, the maximum corneal apical displacement of linear elastic material was 0. 01-0. 03 mm smaller than that of viscoelastic materials. With the intraocular pressure increasing from 12 mmHg to 24 mmHg ( 1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa), the decreasing rate of the maximum corneal apical displacement of linear elastic materials was only 0. 9 μm / mmHg slower than that of viscoelastic material. With the corneal stiffness increasing from 0. 827 MPa to 2. 790 MPa, the decreasing rate of the maximum corneal apical displacement of linear elastic materials was only 8 μm / MPa slower than that of viscoelastic materials. With the scleral stiffness increasing from 1. 24 MPa to 9. 92 MPa, the decreasing rate of the maximum corneal apical displacement of linear elastic material was only 1. 1 μm / MPa slower than that of viscoelastic materials. Conclusions The corneal apical displacement in air-puff test was mainly driven by elasticity of the corneal tissues, but the role of corneal viscoelasticity in air-puff test was not obvious. The effect of corneal viscoelasticity can be ignored when air-puff method is used to evaluate the corneal biomechanical response.