In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been gradually increasing, leading to a growing demand for regenerative blood vessels in clinic. Currently, large-caliber artificial blood vessels (diameter>6 mm) have been successfully applied in clinical practice. However, small-caliber artificial blood vessels (diameter< 6 mm) still face challenges in long-term patency rates after transplantation due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, inflammatory reactions, and poor compliance which leads to hemodynamic changes. Achieving rapid endothelialization, inhibiting thrombus formation, and matching the compliance of autologous vessels remain key factors to be addressed. This article provides a brief overview of commonly used materials and techniques for preparing small-caliber artificial blood vessels, with a focus on discussing strategies to improve biocompatibility and compliance. Furthermore, future research work is also prospected.