Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of lingual metal-reinforced denture bases on edentulous implant-supported prostheses by three-dimensional finite element analysis, and provide references for the treatment of edentulous jaws. Methods Two implant-supported Locator-type overdenture models with lingual metal-reinforced and non-reinforced denture bases were constructed. A 150 N vertical load on the fovea of the posterior teeth, a 150 N oblique load on the fovea of the posterior teeth, and a 150 N vertical load on the anterior teeth were applied to simulate the centric occlusion, left and right lateral chewing, and anterior teeth cutting, and stresses on the tissues of two models were analyzed. Results When the posterior and anterior teeth were loaded vertically, the stress distribution on each organization was similar between the two denture base designs. The maximum stress difference was between 0 and 0.16 MPa. Under unilateral masticatory chewing, the range of stress concentration on denture base, implant and mucoperiosteum, and the maximum stress of the implant and peri-implant bone without metal reinforcement were significantly greater than those with metal reinforcement, and the maximum stress difference was between 0.59 MPa and 2.99 MPa. Conclusions Lingual metal-reinforced denture base can play a role in stress dispersion, or reduce the risk of bone resorption and denture base fracture to a certain extent.