Objective To investigate the correlation between the change of muscle tissue and bone density in elderly women with hip fracture. Methods 79 elderly patients with hip fracture were selected as the fracture group and 45 physical examination personnel as the control group. Results Muscle content and fat content of whole body, upper limb and lower limb, trunk fat content, relative index of skeletal muscle mass (SMI) and bone mineral density in the fracture group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of sarcopenia in fracture population was higher than that in control group (60.76% PS 42.22%). Bone mineral density of femoral neck of the affected side was significantly lower than that of the intact side in women with intertrochanteric fractures (0.490±0.092 VS 0.613±0.099). Logistic analysis found that SMI in elderly women with hip fracture was negatively correlated with age, and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), femoral neck bone density and systemic bone density. Conclusion The rate of sarcopenia was significantly higher in elderly patients with hip fracture, and SMI was closely related to femoral neck bone density and systemic bone density. Therefore, sarcopenia should be highly emphasized in the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fracture in elderly people.