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    • A Blood Pressure Prediction Method Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction Considering Residual Stress and Hyperelasticity of The Aorta
    ZhangYuefan , GuoBaolei , SunCuiru , DaiXiangchen , LiuHaofei
    Adopted date: September 06,2024
    [Abstract](12) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective Considering aortic wall hyperelasticity and residual stress, we propose a numerical simulation method for predicting aortic blood pressure based on vascular compliance. Methods Use the residual stress solution method based on the closing opening angle to get to the analytical solution for the pressure-radius relationship of the idealized double-layered aortic wall model. Apply this formula to the moving boundary represents the motion of the aortic wall, we can capture the hemodynamic effects caused by fluid-structure interaction and obtain the relationship between vascular compliance and pulse pressure. We compare the effects of with or without residual stress, hyperelasticity or linear elasticity constitutive relationships, as well as different ages on vascular compliance and aortic blood pressure. Incorporate the function of the stent graft and consider the stented region as a rigid wall, simulating the effects of different numbers of stents and stent positions on aortic blood pressure. Results Compared to the linear elastic model, hyperelastic model predicted smaller aortic pulse pressure values in numerical simulation. Vascular compliance with residual stress is higher than without residual stress, correspondingly, when considering residual stress, aortic pulse pressure is slightly lower than without residual stress. The compliance of different ages shows 40~49 years > 60~69 years > 70 years and above, correspondingly, the pulse pressure of different ages shows 40~49 years< 60~69 years < 70 years and above. When a 60 mm stent is implanted in the aorta, due to decreased compliance, the pulse pressure is higher compared to the situation without stent. Moreover, as the number of stents increases, the aortic pulse pressure continues to rise, indicating that the wider the range of stent implantation, the higher the pulse pressure. When the stent is implanted in the ascending aorta, the pulse pressure is slightly higher than when it is implanted in the descending aorta. The lowest aortic pulse pressure occurs when the stent is implanted in the abdominal aorta, meaning that the closer the stent implantation site is to the heart, the higher the pulse pressure. Conclusion The proposed method can accurately predict blood pressure and evaluate aortic compliance through numerical simulation results, providing technical support for stent design and surgical plan optimization.
    Research Progress of Endothelial Mechanoreceptors in Aortic Dilation Disease
    Zhao Rong , Sun Huiying , Li Shuangshuang , Lu Qingsheng
    Adopted date: September 04,2024
    [Abstract](15) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The hemodynamics within the aortic lumen are highly complex, and the mechanical stimuli generated by blood flow play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of aortic dilation disease. Endothelial cells, as key components of the vascular endothelium, respond precisely to microenvironmental changes caused by blood flow through mechanoreceptors, including ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases, and membrane structures. These mechanoreceptors convert mechanical stress into biochemical signals, thereby affecting the physiological functions and pathological changes of blood vessels. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms by which endothelial mechanoreceptors are involved in aortic dilation disease. This article summarizes the research progress of mechanoreceptor-mediated endothelial cell function in regulating aortic dilation disease and provides a perspective on future research directions, with the aim of offering new insights and potential targets for the development of clinical treatment strategies.
    Human Gravity Line Research and Its Application in the Field of Spinal Medicine
    SHI Yifeng , LIANG Haibo , WANG Xiangyang
    Adopted date: September 04,2024
    [Abstract](16) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The human gravity line (Gravity Line, GL) is a virtual vertical line that passes through the centre of gravity (Centre of Gravity, COG) of the human body and holds significant importance in assessing human biomechanics. Due to the inability to directly determine GL through imaging methods, its application in past research and clinical practice has been somewhat limited. However, with the advancement of technology, the measurement and application of GL have made remarkable progress, becoming an essential supplement to traditional radiographic measurements and demonstrating an increasingly broad application prospect in the field of spinal health. This review summarizes the anatomical basis of GL, measurement methods, and its relationship with other commonly used vertical lines. Furthermore, the paper reviews the current status of GL"s clinical application in the field of spinal health and provides an in-depth discussion of its potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases. It is hoped that this review will offer new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases and promote further research and application of GL in the field of spinal medicine.
    Research progress on the influencing factors of knee adduction moment and its application in thediagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis
    Yang Hongyuan , Zhang Yanming , Luo Dingyuan , Wang Anran
    Adopted date: September 03,2024
    [Abstract](21) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Knee adduction moment (KAM) is a key biomechanical index in knee joint biomechanics research, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Therefore, understanding the factors influencing KAM is important for the diagnosis and treatment of KOA disease. This article summarizes the factors that may affect KAM based on relevant research.
    The effect of heel height on ankle motion control during level walking in women with chronic ankle instability
    ZHAO Chun Yan , YAN Xiao Qin , WANG Jiang Na , CHENG Jingjing , SUN Wei
    Adopted date: September 03,2024
    [Abstract](14) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing high heels of different heights on ankle joint motion control during walking in women with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods: The Vicon infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force plate were used to synchronously collect kinematic and kinetic parameters within 200 milliseconds before and after foot contact for 20 healthy females and 20 CAI females while walking on flat ground wearing high heels of 1cm, 3cm, 5cm, and 7cm heights. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the data statistically. Results: The study shows that there is an interaction effect between group and heel height on the peak inversion angular velocity and peak inversion angle during foot strike. Post-hoc tests revealed that within the healthy group, compared to a 1cm heel, the 5cm (P=0.002) and 7cm (P=0.002) heels had significantly greater peak inversion angular velocity within 200ms before and after foot strike; there were significant differences in peak inversion angle between the 1cm and 5cm (P=0.018), and 7cm (P<0.001) heels. In the CAI group, compared to a 1cm heel, the 5cm (P=0.002) and 7cm (P=0.002) heels had significantly greater peak inversion angular velocity within 200ms before and after foot strike; there were significant differences in peak inversion angle between the 1cm and 3cm (P<0.001), 5cm (P<0.001), and 7cm (P<0.001) heels. There was a significant main effect of height on peak plantarflexion angle (P<0.001), peak external rotation angle (P<0.001), peak external rotation angular velocity (P<0.001), and peak plantarflexion torque (P=0.048) within 200ms before and after foot strike; there was a significant main effect of group on peak eversion torque (P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared to healthy individuals, women with CAI have reduced ankle joint control while walking in high heels. As heel height increases, ankle stability decreases, suggesting that it is advisable to wear high heels of 3cm in height or below.
    The Effect of Generalised Joint Hypermobility on Walking Function in School-age Children
    YU Yan , JIANG Shuyun , LI Yiying , LU Xiaoying , LI Yang
    Adopted date: September 03,2024
    [Abstract](19) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the gait characteristics of school-age children with generalised joint hypermobility (GJH). Methods The kinematic and kinetic data of lower extremity joints in 56 children with GJH and 56 healthy children were collected by 3D motion capture system and 3D force plates, and the differences between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results (1)Kinematics: The mean ankle inversion angle, maximum hip adduction angle, mean foot progression angle in stance phase and maximum foot clearance angle decreased in the GJH children group, while the maximum foot internal rotation angle and the knee flexion Angle in the middle stance phase increased. (2)Kinetics: The maximum power of knee and hip joints and the maximum inversion moment of ankle joints during stance phase were reduced in GJH children. (3)Temporal and Spatial Parameters: step length, walking velocity and cadence decreased in GJH children group, while stance phase percentage and step width increased. Conclusion The walking efficiency and balance stability of children with GJH are decreased. The line alignment is abnormal in ankle joint. And knee joint function needs long-term attention.
    Analysis of the Biomechanical Impact of Cervical Rotation Manipulation after ACDF Surgery
    Wang Yisong , Wang Huihao , Yu Zhongxiang , Zhang Min , Zheng Yuxin , Zhan Hongsheng
    Adopted date: September 03,2024
    [Abstract](18) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the biomechanical safety of applying traditional Chinese orthopedic manipulation therapy after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment in biomechanics.Methods Based on CT data, a three-dimensional finite element model of the normal C0-T1 cervical spine was established, and an ACDF postoperative finite element model of the C5-6 segment was constructed on this basis. Cervical spine rotation manipulation were simulated at the C4 and C7 segments of both models, and the von Mises stress of the vertebral body, bilateral facet joints, intervertebral discs, and internal fixation system under manipulation loading of the C4 and C7 segments in both models were compared and analyzed.Results The study found that when the C4 segment was manipulated, the stress on the C5, C6, and C7 vertebral bodies in the ACDF postoperative model decreased by 12.3%, 11.5%, and 26.4% respectively compared to the normal model. The stress on the bilateral facet joints showed a downward trend, with the stress on the left facet joints of the C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 segments decreasing by 12.3%, 58.8%, and 15.4% respectively, and the stress on the right facet joints decreasing by 16.6%, 92.1%, and 17.2%. In terms of intervertebral disc stress, the stress on the C4-5 and C6-7 segments decreased by 13.2% and 4.0% , while the maximum stress of the fusion cage, titanium plate, and screws in the C5-6 segment were 9.349MPa, 111.9MPa, and 300.8MPa respectively. When the C7 segment was manipulated, the stress on the C4, C5, and C6 vertebral bodies in the ACDF postoperative model increased significantly compared to the normal model, especially the C5 vertebral body, with an increase of nearly 18 times. Except for the stress on the left facet joint of the C4-5 segment increasing by 57.7%, the stress on the bilateral facet joints of other segments generally decreased, consistent with the trend when the C4 segment was manipulated, but the stress on the C4-5 and C6-7 segments increased by 43.2% and 21.7% respectively compared to the normal model, and the stress on the fusion cage, titanium plate, and screws in the C5-6 segment were 2.926MPa, 205.4MPa, and 256.2MPa .Conclusion The safety of performing manipulation on the upper vertebral body of the fusion segment post-ACDF is relatively high, but performing manipulation on the lower vertebral body of the fusion segment may lead to stress concentration and increase the risk of injury. When implementing postoperative conservative treatment, the safety and indications of manipulation should be considered to avoid operations in high-risk areas, and more precise and safe manipulation intervention treatment should be implemented based on the specific postoperative biomechanical state of the patient.
    Musculoskeletal finite element simulation of the effect of plantar fascia stiffness on the windlass mechanism
    ZHANG Qiaolin , SUN Dong , SONG Yang , CHEN Hairong , CEN Xuanzhen , BÍRÓ István , GU Yaodong
    Adopted date: August 28,2024
    [Abstract](14) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective The plantar fascia and windlass mechanism are important for maintaining the function of the foot and arch. This study aims to explore the relationship between plantar fascia stiffness and windlass mechanism and their impact on the arch, and to provide a biomechanical mechanism explanation for plantar fascia and arch-related problems. Methods A foot-plate model with a flexion angle of 30° at the metatarsophalangeal joint was successfully constructed. The musculoskeletal model was combined with a three-dimensional finite element analysis method, and the dynamic data of the foot under a walking state of 5 km/h was obtained using dual fluoroscopic
    Advance in Motor Function of the Triceps Surae-Tendon Unit and Reexamine of its Biomechanical Contribution
    DENG Liqin , ZHANG Xi-ni , XIAO Song-lin , FU Wei-jie
    Adopted date: August 28,2024
    [Abstract](22) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    The structure, function, and significance of the triceps surae-tendon unit (MTU), along with its biomechanical adaptations during running and in vivo measurement methods were outlined. During running, forefoot striking and wearing shoes with greater stiffness, such as carbon plate running shoes, could optimize the behavior of the MTU and reduce energy consumption caused by muscle contraction. However, adopting forefoot striking, barefoot running, or wearing minimalist shoes during running could increase the biomechanical loads on the complex. Runners who engage in such running styles should take foot function training and gradually transition to prevent injuries. The gait retraining has a certain effect on improving the biomechanical properties of the MTU, while the impact of other training methods on it is relatively poor, and the research in this area is still not sufficient. Therefore, future research should focus on optimizing the biomechanical properties of the MTU through changes in movement patterns, equipment, and training methods to enhance athletic performance and reduce its injuries. For the methods for measuring the MTU biomechanical properties, although the two-dimensional dynamic ultrasound technique excels in behavioral measurements during quasi-static and dynamic conditions, the development of a three-dimensional dynamic ultrasound technique may be necessary in the future to address its limitations in identifying dynamic changes in muscle spatial dynamics. Improvement in precision in calculating and indirectly measuring MTU force remains a significant challenge.
    Comparison study of 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation-assisted medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy with traditional osteotomy method
    Zhou Feng , Zhu Xiao Hang , Xu Ping Cheng , Fu Peng Fei , Guo Jiong Jiong , Zhang Lei
    Adopted date: August 19,2024
    [Abstract](29) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
    Abstract:
    Objective: To analyze and compare the differences between 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI)-assisted medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and traditional medial OWHTO in terms of postoperative mechanical stability, accuracy of weight-bearing alignment adjustment, and clinical outcomes. By evaluating the biomechanical performance of the two methods, this study aims to explore the potential advantages of 3D printing technology in improving surgical precision and reducing postoperative complications. Methods: Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and undergoing OWHTO at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2019 to January 2022 were collected. Patients were divided into the traditional method group (23 individuals) and the 3D-printed PSI-assisted group (18 individuals) based on the surgical methods. The accuracy of correction between the two methods was evaluated by comparing the preoperative planned target correction of the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and the postoperative HKA angle difference. Similarly, the preoperative posterior tibial slope (PTS) and the postoperative PTS angle difference were also assessed. The clinical efficacy of the two methods was assessed by collecting and analyzing the Lysholm score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) of the patients in both groups before surgery. This assessment was also conducted at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The occurrence of postoperative complications in both groups was collected and analyzed to evaluate the safety of PSI-assisted OWHTO. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in this study, with 23 in the traditional method group and 18 in the PSI-assisted group. The demographic characteristics, preoperative imaging, and clinical symptoms were similar between the two groups, showing no statistical difference (P>0.05). Regarding the results of correction accuracy, the postoperative HKA angle difference was 2.7±1.8° in traditional OWHTO group and 0.8±1.1° in 3D-printed PSI-assisted OWHTO group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). The postoperative PTS angle difference was 2.8±2.2° for traditional OWHTO and 1.7±1.9° for PSI-assisted OWHTO, showing a significant statistical difference (P=0.003). In terms of clinical efficacy, the surgical time for the PSI-assisted group was 59.2±14.8 minutes, significantly shorter than the traditional method group's 87.6±21.4 minutes (P=0.019). The Lysholm, VAS, and WOMAC scores of the PSI-assisted group were superior to those of the traditional method group at each postoperative follow-up time point. Regarding postoperative complications, there were 4 cases (17.3%) in the traditional method group and 3 cases (16.7%) in the PSI-assisted group, with no significant statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared to traditional method, 3D-printed PSI-assisted OWHTO demonstrates superior accuracy in correcting lower limb alignment, along with favorable clinical efficacy and safety. The results of this study provide useful references for clinical doctors in selecting surgical treatment plans.